Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. Soft rock mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as. Msha 3026 initial mine rescue team training for coal and metalnonmetal mshas mine rescue instruction guide ig series is intended to help coal, and metal and nonmetal mine operators develop mine rescue team training required under 30 cfr part 49. Most of the mining terminology is introduced in the sections of this book where they are. This section provides guidance to metal and nonmetal mine inspection personnel regarding enforcement of mshas healthrelated mine ventilation standards in 30 cfr part 57 subpart g ventilation. Ausimm is devoted to all aspects of underground, opencast and offshore mining operations. Sufficient knowledge of the mineral deposit, mining. The first section gives an overview of underground mining methods and practices as. It consists of five categories of topics on the science and practice of rock engineering. Underground method is used when ore body is thin or narrow and extends much below. Mine rescue safety training powerpoint presentations.
Underground metal mining underground mining methods adapt to the conditions and form of the rock, as well as to the dimensions, strength and stability of the mineralized body. Pdf download underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and international case studies download full ebook. Pdf download underground mining methods engineering. Although it emphasizes metal mining, much of the information is also. Air shaft a vertical opening into a mine for the passage of air. Basic patterns of drill holes employed in opencast mines. It set of longwall mining equipment consists of a coal shear er mounted on convey or operating. Evaluate, in the laboratory and field, and implement novel and emerging advanced engine technologies for heavy and lightduty underground mining applications.
Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. While most largescale mining projects involve openpit mining, many large underground mines are in operation around the world. Mining method, underground mining, roomandpillar mining, sublevel. Underground metal is mailed a study guide and the state mining are available through the wyoming msha grant. Msha 3027 mine rescue team training for metal and nonmetal mines. Processed ore by minerals for open pit and underground metal mines for the period 1988 to 1997 in the western world. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner. Making sense of mining mine gases vintage uk document on mine gases and gas detection including information about the flame safety lamp. Excavation and the construction of an important range of infrastructure workplaces, power supply, transport, drainage and pumping, maintenance are required in order to. Mining industry response to the book continues to be incredible. Mine safety and health administration msha statistics1 indicate that 7 fires fires reported to msha occurred in underground coal and metalnonmetal mines. Longwall mining is a highly mechaniz ed underground mining sys tem for mining coal.
Today, mining exists in most countries, and includes exploration for minerals, extraction of minerals, and preparation, including crushing, grinding, concentration or washing of the extracted material. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. The national mine health and safety academy supports. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. At 74 years, he had reached the apex of a career stretching half a century. Mining is the extraction removal of minerals and metals from earth. Underground a1 have affixed a plate evidencing approval under subpart e of part 7, or under part 36 a2 meet or exceed the applicable pm emission requirements of the u. Choice of an underground mining method is often closely related to the geology of the deposit and degree of ground support necessary to make the. Your onestop source for new, rare and outofprint information on the mining and mineral industry. Underground extraction of coal is characterized by high variability of mining and geological conditions in which it is conducted. This book contains highquality papers from the principal mining research institutes of the usa, united kingdom, india and south africa, thus providing uptodate coverage of underground mining and technology in the main mining areas of the world. To name a mineral prospect an ore body requires more information than needed to establish metal grades. Minto mine qml0001 underground mine development and operations plan june 2014 1 background this underground mine development and operations plan umdop has been prepared to satisfy the requirements of quartz mining icence qml00l01 for the development and mining of the underground at minto mine, owned by minto explorations ltd. Underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today.
Chapter 18 ventilation mine safety and health administration. The theme is mining in adverse conditions using stateoftheart technology. Coal mine gas chart mine gas chart containing all pertinent information related to gases commonly found in underground coal mines. Counting against underground mining are the costs, which, for each ton of material mined, are much higher. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 1c. Not only do mining companies prosper, but governments also make money from revenues. Coverage of mining operations and properties is particularly strong, focusing on the reasons for the methods and techniques employed and possible future developments. Teachers in mining development, in environment and in ecology will find this textbook an excellent source of information for environmental impact assessment, tailings. This is a loose term implying any fatal gas in a mine after an explosion or fire. Although underground mining is a less environmentallydestructive means of gaining access to an ore deposit, it is often more costly and entails greater safety risks than strip mining, including openpit mining.
Growing demand for metals has resulted in todays world wide. By the new stone age,humans had progressed to underground mining in systematic openings 2 to 3 ft 0. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. Yamatomi encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Y ounger 9 umweltbundesamt cp035 2004 x extraction of as much valuable mineral product as possible.
Umamaheshwar rao chapter 1 salient features of indian mining industry 1. Mining is the process of excavating a material which is naturally occurring from the earth to get profit. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies. Selection of diesel engines for underground mining. Strength of the hanging wall, footwall, and ore body. Thanks in large part to the efforts by john chadwick of the mining journal, and many other members of the mining community, the hard rock miners handbook has been distributed to over 1 countries worldwide. Despite ever more effective methods and tools, used to. Through years of sweat and swearing and amazingly smart or lucky deals hed built up a mining empire that spanned the sum of known space. Introduction fires are still too common an occurrence in the mining industry. By the new stone age, humans had progressed to underground mining in. Glossary of mining terminology after damp gasses resulting from underground combustion, normally carbon monoxide.
Although rock mechanics addresses many of the rock mechanics issues which arise in underground mining engineering, it is not a text exclusively for mining applications. Manganese, tantalum, cassiterite, copper, tin, nickel, bauxite aluminum ore, iron ore, gold, silver, and diamonds are just some examples of what is mined. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. Mining operations can be grouped into five major categories in terms of their respective products. Economic value of the ore and grade distribution within the deposit.
Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st. Minto mine underground mine development and operations. Pdf underground mining methods download full pdf book. Airway any passage in a mine along which an air current moves. Pdf availability analysis of selected mining machinery. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are. When any ore body lies a considerable distance below the surface, the amount of waste that has to be removed in order to uncover the ore through surface mining becomes prohibitive, and underground techniques must be considered. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay.